{"id":111617,"date":"2021-01-22T12:10:09","date_gmt":"2021-01-22T10:10:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.btv.md\/?p=111617"},"modified":"2021-01-22T12:10:09","modified_gmt":"2021-01-22T10:10:09","slug":"de-ce-accesul-egal-la-vaccinul-anti-covid-ocoleste-tarile-sarace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.btv.md\/ro\/de-ce-accesul-egal-la-vaccinul-anti-covid-ocoleste-tarile-sarace\/","title":{"rendered":"De ce \u201eaccesul egal\u201d la vaccinul anti-COVID ocole\u0219te \u021b\u0103rile s\u0103race"},"content":{"rendered":"

Promisiunea distribu\u021biei echitabile a vaccinurilor COVID la nivel global r\u0103m\u00e2ne neonorat\u0103, at\u00e2ta vreme c\u00e2t instrumentul creat pentru a \u00eempiedica \u021b\u0103rile bogate s\u0103 pun\u0103 m\u00e2na pe toat\u0103 rezerva de vaccinuri nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103, scrie Politico \u00eentr-o analiz\u0103.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pe de o parte, sunt exemple ca Uniunea European\u0103 sau Marea Britanie, unde au fost administrate deja peste 11 milioane de doze de vaccin. \u00cen total, UE a semnat contracte pentru 2,3 miliarde de doze, iar Marea Britanie pentru 367 de milioane. Dac\u0103 vor fi aprobate toate vaccinurile pentru care s-au semnat pre-contracte, popula\u021bia din aceste zone ar putea fi vaccinat\u0103 de trei ori, informeaz\u0103 digi24.ro<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u021a\u0103rile bogate \u0219i-au anun\u021bat obiective ambi\u021bioase pentru luna septembrie: guvernul britanic vrea s\u0103 administreze prima doz\u0103 \u00eentregii popula\u021bii adulte; Belgia pl\u0103nuie\u0219te s\u0103 vaccineze 70% din popula\u021bie, iar Germania a stabilit un prag de 60%.<\/p>\n

Pe de alt\u0103 parte, \u00eens\u0103, sunt \u021b\u0103rile s\u0103race, unde campaniile de vaccinare nici m\u0103car nu au \u00eenceput.<\/p>\n

Este co\u0219marul asupra c\u0103ruia exper\u021bii \u00een s\u0103n\u0103tate global\u0103 au avertizat \u00een urm\u0103 cu mult timp, scrie Politico.<\/p>\n

COVAX – sistemul creat pentru a asigura distribu\u021bia echitabil\u0103 a vaccinurilor, administrat de Organiza\u021bia Mondial\u0103 a S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii; Gavi – Alian\u021ba Vaccinurilor – este instrumentul care sprijin\u0103 participarea a 92 de \u021b\u0103ri cu venituri mici \u0219i medii la sistemul COVAX; Coali\u021bia pentru Inovare \u00een caz de Epidemie – a fost g\u00e2ndit\u0103 s\u0103 rezolve problema distribuirii echitabile a vaccinurilor, dar nu a reu\u0219it. De\u0219i a securizat circa 2 miliarde de doze de vaccin, cu scopul de a acoperi 20% din popula\u021bia \u021b\u0103rilor participante p\u00e2n\u0103 la finele lui 2021, nicio doz\u0103 nu a fost livrat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Cea mai mare nevoie de ajutorul COVAX o au \u021b\u0103rile care nu-\u0219i permit s\u0103 cumpere vaccinul din reusurse proprii, 92 de \u021b\u0103ri \u00een total. Printre ele se num\u0103r\u0103 Afganistan, Etiopia, Uganda sau Zimbabwe. Dar sunt \u0219i \u021b\u0103ri care \u00ee\u0219i permit s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103 dozele, cum e Africa de Sud, dar care a apelat la medierea COVAX.<\/p>\n

\u201eCum putem s\u0103 spunem c\u0103 avem echitate? Nu putem\u201d, a afirmat Kate Elder, consilier al organiza\u021biei Medici f\u0103r\u0103 Frontiere.<\/p>\n

Chiar \u0219i directorul OMS, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, a recunoscut c\u0103 lucrurile nu merg a\u0219a cum trebuie.<\/p>\n

\u201cTrebuie s\u0103 fiu categoric: lumea este la un pas de o pr\u0103bu\u0219ire moral\u0103 catastrofal\u0103 \u2013 iar pre\u021bul pentru aceasta va fi pl\u0103tit cu vie\u021bi din cele mai s\u0103race \u021b\u0103ri\u201d, a avertizat el.<\/p>\n

Unele dintre \u021b\u0103rile la care se refer\u0103 directorul OMS au criticat, la r\u00e2ndul lor, COVAX. Reprezentantul Austriei a spus c\u0103 acest organism \u201etrebuie s\u0103 lucreze mai bine\u201d. El a f\u0103cut apel la Gavi, organiza\u021bia care asigur\u0103 func\u021bionarea COVAX, s\u0103 fac\u0103 publice detaliile planului de livrare a vaccinurilor.<\/p>\n

Gavi s-a ap\u0103rat \u00eens\u0103, ar\u0103t\u00e2nd c\u0103 sistemul COVAX \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 fac\u0103 lucruri la \u201eo vitez\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 precedent\u201d.<\/p>\n

Negocieri directe<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cenc\u0103 de la \u00eenceput, COVAX a fost cu un pas \u00een urm\u0103, \u021b\u0103rile bogate trec\u00e2nd imediat la negocieri secrete cu produc\u0103torii de vaccinuri. Luni la r\u00e2nd, sus\u021bin\u0103torii COVAX au cerut ca \u021b\u0103rile bogate s\u0103 participe la proiect. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, au \u00eenceput s\u0103 apar\u0103 promisiunile de finan\u021bare.<\/p>\n

UE contribuie cu 500 de milioane de euro pentru sprijinirea \u021b\u0103rilor cu venituri mici \u0219i medii. Alte \u021b\u0103ri au promis contribu\u021bii substan\u021biale: Fran\u021ba \u0219i Germania c\u00e2te 100 de milioane de euro, Canada – 246 de milioane de dolari.<\/p>\n

Dar \u00een\u021belegerile bilaterale – pe care COVAX ini\u021bial le-a acceptat – continu\u0103 s\u0103 prolifereze, iar \u021b\u0103rile cump\u0103r\u0103 \u00een continuare sute de milioane de doze dintr-o rezerv\u0103 global\u0103 limitat\u0103. Principala \u00eengrijorare privind aceste \u00een\u021belegeri este c\u0103 ele permit \u021b\u0103rilor bogate s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 mai multe doze dintr-o rezerv\u0103 limitat\u0103, \u00een loc s\u0103 negocieze colectiv, pentru a permite o distribu\u021bie echitabil\u0103 a vaccinurilor.<\/p>\n

\u00cen timpul discursului s\u0103u, Tedros a criticat \u021b\u0103rile care, \u201e\u00een timp ce vorbesc pe limba accesului echitabil, continu\u0103 s\u0103 prioritizeze acorduri bilaterale, evit\u00e2nd COVAX, m\u0103rind pre\u021burile \u0219i \u00eencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103 sar\u0103 r\u00e2ndul la coad\u0103. Acest lucru este gre\u0219it\u201d.<\/p>\n

El a spus c\u0103 aceste \u00een\u021belegeri bilaterale, dintre care 12 au fost semnate numai anul acesta, duc la cre\u0219terea pre\u021burilor.<\/p>\n

\u021a\u0103rile bogate \u00ee\u0219i securizeaz\u0103 vaccinuri \u00een dauna COVAX, a explicat Kirsten Mathieson, consilier pe politici de s\u0103n\u0103tate la Salva\u021bi Copiii.<\/p>\n

\u00cen ap\u0103rarea sa, UE a amintit de contribu\u021bia sa la COVAX. Pre\u0219edinta Comisiei Europene, Ursula von der Leyen, a declarat \u00een repetate r\u00e2nduri c\u0103 \u201eechipa Europei\u201d este cel mai mare contributor la sistemul COVAX.<\/p>\n

O posibil\u0103 veste bun\u0103 ar putea veni din partea SUA, care nu a aderat la sistemul COVAX \u00een timpul administra\u021biei Trump. Congresul american a aprobat suma de 4 miliarde de dolari pentru Gavi, bani care vor merge direct c\u0103tre sistemul COVAX. Acest lucru trebuie \u00eens\u0103 clarificat de noua administra\u021bie Joe Biden.<\/p>\n

\u201eNu ne afl\u0103m \u00eentr-o pozi\u021bie bun\u0103\u201d
\nC\u00e2t despre data \u00eenceperii distribuirii vaccinurilor prin acest sistem, COVAX a indicat luna februarie, \u00eens\u0103 cei care au urm\u0103rit acest subiect sunt sceptici.<\/p>\n

\u201eNu ne afl\u0103m \u00eentr-o pozi\u021bie bun\u0103\u201d, a spus Jaume Vidal, un consilier al organiza\u021biei Health Action International, care se teme c\u0103 unele \u021b\u0103ri vor primi primele doze abia la anul. \u201eAjungem \u00eentr-o situa\u021bie pe care COVAX a fost creat s-o evite: o curs\u0103 a vaccinurilor\u201d.<\/p>\n

Problema principal\u0103 este c\u0103 cele mai multe \u00een\u021belegeri f\u0103cute de COVAX nu sunt achizi\u021bii f\u0103cute \u00een avans cu produc\u0103torii (cu excep\u021bia a dou\u0103 contracte pentru 370 de milioane de doze, prin intermediul Serum Institute din India).<\/p>\n

De exemplu, deal-ul pentru 500 de milioane de doze de la produc\u0103torul Janssen este sub forma unui memorandum de \u00een\u021belegere, iar pentru 200 de milioane de doze de la Sanofi\/GSK s-a f\u0103cut o declara\u021bie de inten\u021bie.<\/p>\n

Unele \u021b\u0103ri care \u00ee\u0219i pl\u0103tesc singure vaccinurile au probleme \u00een a asigura aceste pl\u0103\u021bi \u00een avans. Africa de Sud, de exemplu, a ratat termenul la care trebuia s\u0103 fac\u0103 o plat\u0103 de 16 milioane de euro.<\/p>\n

Aceste pl\u0103\u021bi anticipate reprezint\u0103 o \u201eproblem\u0103 imens\u0103\u201d pentru multe \u021b\u0103ri, a spus Alain Alsalhani, de la organiza\u021bia Medici f\u0103r\u0103 Frontiere. \u021a\u0103rile nu pot justifica sume mari de bani pe care s\u0103 le pl\u0103teasc\u0103 pentru vaccinuri care \u00eenc\u0103 nu exist\u0103.<\/p>\n

Redistribuirea excesului
\nO posibil\u0103 rezolvare a acestei probleme ar fi ca \u021b\u0103rile bogate s\u0103 doneze excesul de vaccinuri achizi\u021bionate. Canada s-a oferit s\u0103 fac\u0103 asta, dup\u0103 ce popula\u021bia este imunizat\u0103. Comisia European\u0103 a spus c\u0103 statele membre pot face acest lucru \u0219i c\u0103 va veni cu o schem\u0103 prin care s\u0103 distribuie acest exces. Ursula von der Leyen a precizat c\u0103 dozele \u00een exces vor fi distribuite ori prin sistemul COVAX, ori direct \u021b\u0103rilor care au nevoie.<\/p>\n

P\u00e2n\u0103 acum, nu sunt dovezi c\u0103 \u021b\u0103rile chiar au redistribuit doze, afirm\u0103 Kirsten Mathieson.<\/p>\n

Norvegia pare s\u0103 fie singura \u021bar\u0103 care a promis explicit c\u0103 va dona doze de vaccin prin COVAX \u00een fazele incipiente ale vaccin\u0103rii.<\/p>\n

Vaccinurile neautorizate – indicatorul disper\u0103rii<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen vreme ce \u021b\u0103rile bogate se concentreaz\u0103 s\u0103-\u0219i protejeze popula\u021bia, Rusia \u0219i China \u00ee\u0219i extind influen\u021ba diplomatic\u0103 cu ajutorul vaccinului. Multe \u021b\u0103ri care altfel n-ar avea nicio doz\u0103 de vaccin au acceptat bucuroase oferta Rusiei (vaccinul Sputnik V) sau a Chinei (Sinovac sau Sinopharm).<\/p>\n

Vaccinul Sinovac se administreaz\u0103 deja \u00een Turcia \u0219i \u00een Indonezia, \u00een ciuda semnelor de \u00eentrebare privind eficien\u021ba sa. Compania a f\u0103cut \u00een\u021belegeri \u0219i cu alte \u021b\u0103ri, cum ar fi Brazilia, Tailanda sau Filipine.<\/p>\n

Argentina \u0219i Belarus au \u00eenceput s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 vacinul Sputnik de la ru\u0219i.<\/p>\n

Faptul c\u0103 aceste vaccinuri sunt cump\u0103rate \u00eenainte ca eficien\u021ba lor s\u0103 fie dovedit\u0103 este doar un indicator al disper\u0103rii \u021b\u0103rilor, explic\u0103 Kate Elder, consilier al organiza\u021biei Medici f\u0103r\u0103 Frontiere.<\/p>\n

\u201eOricare guvern cu posibilit\u0103\u021bi financiare \u0219i determinare politic\u0103 s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 alternative la COVAX va \u00eencerca s\u0103 o fac\u0103\u201d, mai spune ea.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Promisiunea distribu\u021biei echitabile a vaccinurilor COVID la nivel global r\u0103m\u00e2ne neonorat\u0103, at\u00e2ta vreme c\u00e2t instrumentul creat pentru a \u00eempiedica \u021b\u0103rile bogate s\u0103 pun\u0103 m\u00e2na pe toat\u0103 rezerva de vaccinuri nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103, scrie Politico \u00eentr-o analiz\u0103. Pe de o parte, sunt exemple ca Uniunea European\u0103 sau Marea Britanie, unde au fost administrate deja peste 11 milioane […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":111618,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6349,6377],"tags":[20936],"class_list":["post-111617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social","category-stiri","tag-promisiunea-distributiei-echitabile-a-vaccinurilor-covid-la-nivel-global"],"yoast_head":"\nDe ce \u201eaccesul egal\u201d la vaccinul anti-COVID ocole\u0219te \u021b\u0103rile s\u0103race - BTV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btv.md\/ro\/de-ce-accesul-egal-la-vaccinul-anti-covid-ocoleste-tarile-sarace\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"De ce \u201eaccesul egal\u201d la vaccinul anti-COVID ocole\u0219te \u021b\u0103rile s\u0103race - BTV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Promisiunea distribu\u021biei echitabile a vaccinurilor COVID la nivel global r\u0103m\u00e2ne neonorat\u0103, at\u00e2ta vreme c\u00e2t instrumentul creat pentru a \u00eempiedica \u021b\u0103rile bogate s\u0103 pun\u0103 m\u00e2na pe toat\u0103 rezerva de vaccinuri nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103, scrie Politico \u00eentr-o analiz\u0103. 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