{"id":120232,"date":"2021-03-26T10:19:56","date_gmt":"2021-03-26T08:19:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.btv.md\/?p=120232"},"modified":"2021-03-26T10:19:56","modified_gmt":"2021-03-26T08:19:56","slug":"londra-planifica-pentru-2030-marea-britanie-globala-superputere-stiintifica-si-tehnologica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.btv.md\/ro\/londra-planifica-pentru-2030-marea-britanie-globala-superputere-stiintifica-si-tehnologica\/","title":{"rendered":"Londra planific\u0103 pentru 2030 – Marea Britanie Global\u0103, superputere \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 \u0219i tehnologic\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"

Guvernul britanic a lansat viziunea integrat\u0103 de politic\u0103 extern\u0103, securitate, ap\u0103rare \u0219i dezvoltare a Marii Britanii \u00een 2030, sub forma Marea Britanie Global\u0103 ca superputere \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 \u0219i tehnologic\u0103 a lumii. Documentul, care are multiple valori de \u00eentrebuin\u021bare ast\u0103zi, este un monument \u00een materie de proiect de \u021bar\u0103, cu idealismul potrivit unei asemenea construc\u021bii \u0219i optimismul necesar pentru a oferi speran\u021ba unui stat aflat \u00een vria crizelor multiple \u0219i suprapuse naturale \u2013 pandemie, criz\u0103 economic\u0103 – \u0219i auto-impuse, prin Brexit. Altfel, nu trebuie s\u0103 uit\u0103m c\u0103 vorbim de al doilea cel mai important actor democratic al lumii \u0219i al doilea investitor \u00een securitatea \u0219i ap\u0103rarea Europei \u0219i a Rom\u00e2niei, chiar dac\u0103 nu mai este membru al UE. De aceea proiectul \u0219i argumentele britanice merit\u0103 cel mai mare interes, inclusiv prin preeminen\u021ba implic\u0103rii \u00een regiunea Indo-Pacific, care va deveni \u00een 10 ani, \u00een opinia Londrei, centrul economic al Lumii, scrie deschide.md<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Un proiect de \u021bar\u0103 cu multiple valori de \u00eentrebuin\u021bare: Marea Britanie Global\u0103, \u00een Era Competivit\u0103\u021bii.<\/p>\n

Dezbaterea despre\u00a0direc\u021bia pe care o va \u00eembr\u0103\u021bi\u0219a Marea Britanie dup\u0103 Brexit\u00a0este una constant\u0103 \u0219i a durat pe toat\u0103 perioada de dup\u0103 validarea referendumului de ie\u0219ire din UE. Aici a rezidat \u0219i principala problem\u0103 a unei\u00a0viziuni \u0219i proiect de \u021bar\u0103 pentru Regat: unde pot fi mai bine \u0219i mai realist valorificate avantajele proasp\u0103t reg\u0103sitei independen\u021be \u0219i suveranit\u0103\u021bi fa\u021b\u0103 de UE? Iar op\u021biunile nu erau foarte multe.<\/p>\n

Marea Britanie putea s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103\u00a0\u00een siajul UE, cu avantaje competitive \u0219i formule de escamotare a regulilor interne din care s\u0103 profite. Dar ar fi \u00eensemnat prea pu\u021bin,\u00a0un nivel de ambi\u021bie mic\u00a0\u0219i o etern\u0103 problem\u0103 de acces \u00een pia\u021ba comun\u0103 pe care Acordul Comercial existent oricum nu o solu\u021bioneaz\u0103. Apoi, Marea Britanie putea fi\u00a0puntea \u00eentre SUA \u0219i UE, cum a fost \u00eentotdeauna \u00een existen\u021ba sa. Sau putea asuma\u00a0parteneriatul strategic cu SUA\u00a0ca baz\u0103 a formul\u0103rii identit\u0103\u021bii anglo-saxone, implicate \u00een proiectul Five Eyes sau \u00een varianta refacerii unei\u00a0formule post-imperiale globale. Pentru a evita cantonarea la acest nivel \u0219i construirea de probleme \u00een raporturile cu UE, pentru a evita\u00a0dependen\u021ba excesiv\u0103 de SUA\u00a0\u0219i schimbarea unei dependen\u021be cu alta \u0219i pentru a evita repro\u0219urile privind\u00a0nevindecarea sindromului post-imperial, Londra a ales\u00a0proiectul Global.<\/p>\n

Totu\u0219i \u0219i aici a realizat c\u0103 nu mai este\u00a0Marea Britanie fostul imperiu\u00a0\u0219i c\u0103 nici partenerii din Commonwealth nu sunt mai dispu\u0219i s\u0103 acorde facilit\u0103\u021bi unui partener\u00a0a \u0219asea parte din Pia\u021ba Comun\u0103 a UE. Aici au ap\u0103rut\u00a0marile dezam\u0103giri, iar a\u0219tept\u0103rile post-Brexit s-au dovedit nu odat\u0103 fantasmagorice, produs al propagandei mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t a\u00a0pragmatismului realist caracteristic britanicilor. Dar iat\u0103 c\u0103 Londra \u0219i-a revenit \u0219i a construit un proiect de \u021bar\u0103 inventiv, curajos, atractiv, nu rareori lec\u021bie de abordare \u0219i solu\u021bii pentru\u00a0o viziune p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2030.<\/p>\n

Documentul are foarte multe componente ce merit\u0103 toat\u0103 aten\u021bia, pe care fire\u0219te nu le putem surprinde \u00eentr-o evaluare succint\u0103, \u00eentr-un spa\u021biu al unui articol. Dar putem re\u021bine cele mai importante componente ale proiectului\u00a0Marii Britanii globale \u00een Era Competitivit\u0103\u021bii, evaluarea lumii de m\u00e2ine pentru 2030 \u00een variant\u0103 britanic\u0103, op\u021biunile \u0219i modul de a investi institu\u021bional pe care l-a preg\u0103tit Londra pentru urm\u0103torii 10 ani. Astfel, abord\u0103rile britanice vizeaz\u0103 c\u00e2teva elemente de baz\u0103 a desen\u0103rii noii structuri:\u00a0Asumarea statutului de superputere \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 \u0219i tehnologic\u0103; asumarea posturii de\u00a0putere cibernetic\u0103 democratic\u0103 \u0219i responsabil\u0103; auto-definirea ca\u00a0stat\u00a0 european cu interese globale; definirea interesului cresc\u00e2nd pentru\u00a0regiunea Indo-Pacific, nucleul dezvolt\u0103rii economiei globale a viitorului; sus\u021binerea societ\u0103\u021bii deschise globale \u0219i a drepturilor omului; asumarea componentelor de\u00a0ap\u0103rare, descurajare \u0219i demantelare\u00a0ca \u0219i component\u0103 a dimensiunii de hard power; recunoa\u0219terea unei\u00a0cre\u0219teri a conflictelor \u0219i instabilit\u0103\u021bii\u00a0drept caracteristic\u0103 actual\u0103 \u0219i a viitorului; asumarea nevoii de\u00a0rezilien\u021b\u0103\u00a0acas\u0103 \u0219i peste m\u0103ri, unde are amplasate resurse \u0219i capabilit\u0103\u021bi, dar \u0219i a agendei progresiste a\u00a0s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii, climei \u0219i biodiversit\u0103\u021bii; dar mai ales priorit\u0103\u021bile unei\u00a0abord\u0103ri integrate de politic\u0103 extern\u0103, securitate \u0219i ap\u0103rare, cu proiec\u021bia ajutorului pentru dezvoltare\u00a0ca instrument de influen\u021b\u0103 major.<\/p>\n

Nu putem s\u0103 ignor\u0103m aici multiplele\u00a0valori de \u00eentrebuin\u021bare\u00a0a documentului de viziune \u0219i proiect de \u021bar\u0103. \u00centr-adev\u0103r, pentru o \u021bar\u0103 \u00een care se suprapun \u0219i interfereaz\u0103, amplific\u00e2ndu-se \u0219i acceler\u00e2ndu-se\u00a0crize multiple, Marea Britanie avea nevoie de o oaz\u0103 de\u00a0speran\u021b\u0103\u00a0\u0219i un\u00a0proiect mobilizator\u00a0care s\u0103 arate m\u0103car motiva\u021bia unei ac\u021biuni a viitorului.<\/p>\n

\n

Dup\u0103 ce\u00a0pandemia\u00a0a lovit puternic Regatul, iar\u00a0criza economic\u0103 secundar\u0103,\u00a0ap\u0103rut\u0103 drept consecin\u021b\u0103, face ravagii, \u0219i \u00een lipsa unui plan de relansare \u0219i a unor resurse externe de investi\u021bii precum cele al UE vecine, din care tocmai s-a retras, \u0219i a SUA de peste Atlantic, care injecteaz\u0103 resurse pentru\u00a0repornirea \u0219i relansarea cre\u0219terii economice, era nevoie de o formul\u0103 care s\u0103 marcheze \u0219i s\u0103 explice efortul celui mai mare proiect politic, cel al\u00a0Brexitului\u00a0\u2013 care nu apare nic\u0103ieri, dar transpir\u0103 din fiecare fraz\u0103 \u0219i evaluare. Nu trebuie uitat \u00eens\u0103 c\u0103 vorbim despre statul aflat pe\u00a0locul doi al indicelui capabilit\u0103\u021bii geopolitice globale, \u00een 2019, \u00eenaintea Chinei!<\/p>\n

Proiectul instrumentelor externe: for\u021ba de proiec\u021bie a influen\u021bei prin ajutorul pentru dezvoltare<\/p>\n

Proiectul de \u021bar\u0103 pentru\u00a0Marea Britanie Global\u0103\u00a0a fost lansat \u00een 2020, \u00eenainte de apari\u021bia pandemiei Covid-19. Proiectul este\u00a0direct legat de Brexit\u00a0\u2013 \u0219i motiva\u021bia apare explicit \u00een cuv\u00e2ntul \u00eenainte al lui Boris Johnson, singurul loc \u00een document \u00een care e pomenit procesul retragerii din UE. Altfel, \u00eenclina\u021bia spre\u00a0proiectul Marii Britanii Globale\u00a0e justificat de interesul pentru lume, de men\u021binerea unui num\u0103r de dependen\u021be dar \u0219i al Commonwealth-ului, nevoia asumat\u0103 de\u00a0deschidere spre lume\u00a0\u0219i existen\u021ba unei\u00a0re\u021bele globale de prieteni ai Londrei, pe care acum Regatul dore\u0219te s\u0103 o transforme \u0219i s\u0103 ad\u00e2nceasc\u0103 aceste rela\u021bii peste tot \u00een lume, spre beneficiul propriilor cet\u0103\u021beni.<\/p>\n

Marea Britanie\u00a0con\u0219tientizeaz\u0103 \u0219i asum\u0103 criza. Nu o nume\u0219te explicit, are toate formul\u0103rile strategice potrivite \u0219i evit\u0103 auto-victimizarea sau orice form\u0103 de men\u021bionare a unei situa\u021bii ce ar putea fi interpretat\u0103 drept o autocritic\u0103 pentru Brexit. Totu\u0219i asum\u0103 faptul \u2013 d\u00e2nd vina pe\u00a0pandemia de coronavirus\u00a0\u2013 c\u0103 e nevoie de o\u00a0reconstruc\u021bie mai bun\u0103, care s\u0103 creeze\u00a0un stat mai puternic, mai sigur, mai prosper. O valorificare a componentei de oportunitate a crizei. Instrumentele pe care \u0219i le dore\u0219te sunt\u00a0agilitatea\u00a0\u0219i\u00a0vitez\u0103 de ac\u021biune\u00a0– (\u00een\u021beleg\u00e2ndu-se, \u00een subsidiar, c\u0103 aceste instrumente nu ar fi putut fi ac\u021bionate \u00een timpul prezen\u021bei \u00een UE, care ar fi limitat aceast\u0103\u00a0detent\u0103 de cre\u0219tere\u00a0a Marii Britanii).<\/p>\n

\u00centre instrumentele pe care le asum\u0103 Londra \u00een demersul s\u0103u de transformare \u00een actor global, cu respira\u021bie universal\u0103, intr\u0103\u00a0soft power-ul cultural,\u00a0la care se adaug\u0103, la un alt moment, instrumentele British Council \u0219i cele ale prezen\u021bei BBC \u00een multiple limbi ale lumii, ca serviciu extern. Marea Britanie \u00ee\u0219i men\u021bine\u00a0miezul valorilor asumate\u00a0\u0219i consider\u0103 c\u0103\u00a0societ\u0103\u021bi democratice deschise\u00a0sunt cele mai potrivite pentru creativitate \u0219i competi\u021bie, \u0219i cum lumea de m\u00e2ine este una a competi\u021biei, instrumentele de aceast\u0103 factur\u0103 sunt necesare. De aceea sus\u021bine f\u0103r\u0103 rezerve\u00a0democra\u021bia liberal\u0103\u00a0\u0219i\u00a0pia\u021ba liber\u0103. Dar \u0219i\u00a0instrumentul militar e necesar, de aceea Regatul Unit \u00ee\u0219i propune s\u0103 creasc\u0103 investi\u021biile \u00een ap\u0103rare la\u00a02,2% din PIB, peste minimul angajat \u00een cadrul NATO, asum\u00e2nd nevoia achizi\u021biei\u00a0tehnologiei de v\u00e2rf\u00a0pentru componenta militar\u0103, dar \u0219i pentru cea\u00a0cyber\u00a0\u0219i\u00a0spa\u021bial\u0103, alte dou\u0103 \u021binte ale Marii Britanii Globale.<\/p>\n

Marea Britanie nu preget\u0103 \u00een a prezenta r\u0103nile trecutului \u0219i lec\u021biile \u00eenv\u0103\u021bate. Chiar \u00een introducerea asumat\u0103 de c\u0103tre premierul Boris Johnson, referirea la cei\u00a03 ani dup\u0103 Salisbury\u00a0prilejuie\u0219te descrierea priorit\u0103\u021bilor politice ale amenin\u021b\u0103rilor cele mai nocive percepute:\u00a0finan\u021b\u0103ri ilicite, coerci\u021bie economic\u0103, dezinformare, atacuri cibernetice, interferen\u021b\u0103 \u00een alegeri, utilizarea armelor de Distrugere \u00een Mas\u0103. \u00cen toate aceste cazuri se ghicesc \u00een spate, nepronun\u021bate,\u00a0China \u0219i Rusia. De\u0219i China va reveni cu o abordare direct\u0103, Rusia nu se reg\u0103se\u0219te calificat\u0103 \u00een document, ci doar la capitolul\u00a0amenin\u021b\u0103rilor ce provin de la entit\u0103\u021bi statale, contrapuse celor ce provin de la cele non statale.<\/p>\n

Amenin\u021barea terorist\u0103 intern\u0103\u00a0r\u0103m\u00e2ne o mare preocupare, chiar dac\u0103 prevenirea celor\u00a028 atacuri teroriste, anticipate de serviciile de informa\u021bii britanice \u00eencep\u00e2nd din 2017, este un element de speran\u021b\u0103 \u0219i m\u00e2ndrie, totodat\u0103, \u00een calitatea institu\u021biilor de intelligence ale Regatului. De altfel, la capitolul construc\u021bii institu\u021bionale, Marea Britanie \u00ee\u0219i propune construc\u021bia unui\u00a0Centru de Opera\u021biuni contrateroriste, a unei\u00a0For\u021be Na\u021bionale Cibernetice\u00a0\u0219i a \u00eent\u0103ririi\u00a0rezilien\u021bei\u00a0prin \u00eenfiin\u021barea unui\u00a0Centru de Situa\u021bii\u00a0\u00een miezul guvernului, utilizat pentru anticiparea \u0219i prevenirea, respectiv gestionarea crizelor.<\/p>\n

Altfel, op\u021biunile au \u0219i relevan\u021b\u0103 \u0219i\u00a0\u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tur\u0103 politic\u0103: Marea Britanie anun\u021b\u0103\u00a0cea mai sigur\u0103 frontier\u0103 a lumii \u00een 2025, dar cu facilit\u0103\u021bi \u00een libera circula\u021bie, comer\u021b \u0219i turism, deci suple\u021be a formulelor de control. Statutul de\u00a0superputere \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 \u0219i tehnologic\u0103 adus \u00een prim plan, pentru 2030, este o alt\u0103 preocupare interesant\u0103 pentru perspectiva b\u0103t\u0103liei \u00een privin\u021ba\u00a0securit\u0103\u021bii tehnologice\u00a0a viitorului.<\/p>\n

Iar pentru asta, Regatul Unit \u00ee\u0219i propune s\u0103 introduc\u0103 un proiect de\u00a0Global Talent Visa\u00a0care s\u0103 atrag\u0103 creiere, probabil \u0219i finan\u021b\u0103ri, pentru a-\u0219i permite men\u021binerea acestui statut \u0219i \u00een viitor. Marea Britanie r\u0103m\u00e2ne legat\u0103 de UE \u0219i de actuala administra\u021bie Biden prin op\u021biunea pentru\u00a0economie verde \u0219i zero emisii \u00een 2050,\u00a0fiind \u0219i gazda COP 26 \u00een Sco\u021bia anul acesta. \u00cen plus, Marea Britanie \u00ee\u0219i asum\u0103 investirea a\u00a00.7% din PIB pentru dezvoltare\u00a0ca instrument de proiec\u021bie a intereselor sale la nivel global, un instrument recent integrat \u00een cel de politic\u0103 extern\u0103, securitate \u0219i ap\u0103rare, care a dus la schimbarea FCO, Ministerului de Externe \u0219i a Commonwelath-ului \u00een\u00a0FCDO\u00a0\u2013 cu componenta ajutorului pentru dezvoltare inclus\u0103.<\/p>\n

Foto: deschide.md.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Guvernul britanic a lansat viziunea integrat\u0103 de politic\u0103 extern\u0103, securitate, ap\u0103rare \u0219i dezvoltare a Marii Britanii \u00een 2030, sub forma Marea Britanie Global\u0103 ca superputere \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 \u0219i tehnologic\u0103 a lumii. Documentul, care are multiple valori de \u00eentrebuin\u021bare ast\u0103zi, este un monument \u00een materie de proiect de \u021bar\u0103, cu idealismul potrivit unei asemenea construc\u021bii \u0219i optimismul […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":120233,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6349],"tags":[23256,23257],"class_list":["post-120232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social","tag-londra-planifica-pentru-2030-marea-britanie-globala","tag-superputere-stiintifica-si-tehnologica"],"yoast_head":"\nLondra planific\u0103 pentru 2030 - Marea Britanie Global\u0103, superputere \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 \u0219i tehnologic\u0103 - BTV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btv.md\/ro\/londra-planifica-pentru-2030-marea-britanie-globala-superputere-stiintifica-si-tehnologica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Londra planific\u0103 pentru 2030 - Marea Britanie Global\u0103, superputere \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 \u0219i tehnologic\u0103 - BTV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Guvernul britanic a lansat viziunea integrat\u0103 de politic\u0103 extern\u0103, securitate, ap\u0103rare \u0219i dezvoltare a Marii Britanii \u00een 2030, sub forma Marea Britanie Global\u0103 ca superputere \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 \u0219i tehnologic\u0103 a lumii. 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