{"id":131879,"date":"2021-06-12T14:11:47","date_gmt":"2021-06-12T11:11:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.btv.md\/?p=131879"},"modified":"2021-06-12T14:11:47","modified_gmt":"2021-06-12T11:11:47","slug":"de-ce-au-crescut-preturile-la-toate-produsele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.btv.md\/ro\/de-ce-au-crescut-preturile-la-toate-produsele\/","title":{"rendered":"De ce au crescut pre\u021burile la toate produsele"},"content":{"rendered":"

O\u021bel, cherestea, plastic \u0219i combustibil. Porumb, soia, zah\u0103r \u0219i ulei de floarea soarelui. Case, ma\u0219ini, scutece \u0219i h\u00e2rtie igienic\u0103. La orice produs te ui\u021bi, pre\u021burile sunt \u00een cre\u0219tere. Recuperarea post pandemie este \u00een plin\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219urare, iar economia mondial\u0103 se lupt\u0103 s\u0103 \u021bin\u0103 pasul. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce economiile s-au redeschis, cererea a revenit, dar problemele generate de pandemie, de la lan\u021buri de aprovizionare la lipsa materiilor prime, au dus la o explozie a pre\u021burilor, se arat\u0103 \u00eentr-o\u00a0analiz\u0103 CNN, care explic\u0103 de ce cresc pre\u021burile la aproape orice produs, transmite digi24.ro<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Companiile care \u00een ultimul an \u0219i-au \u00eenchis fabricile \u0219i au concediat personalul din cauza pandemiei se confrunt\u0103 acum cu mari probleme: nu sunt \u00een m\u0103sur\u0103 s\u0103 asigure suficiente materii prime pentru a construi casele, pentru a fabrica ma\u0219inile sau pentru a asambla aparatele care sunt brusc la mare c\u0103utare.<\/p>\n

Companiile \u00eencearc\u0103 cu disperare s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i re\u00eennoiasc\u0103 stocurile dup\u0103 recesiunea global\u0103 de anul trecut, tension\u00e2nd lan\u021burile de aprovizionare. Lipsa containerelor de transport maritim \u0219i blocajele din porturi au agravat lucrurile \u0219i au crescut costul transportului de produse \u00een \u00eentreaga lume. La asta se adaug\u0103 atacurile cibernetice, blocajul din Suez, vremea extrem\u0103 sau cursa disperat\u0103 dup\u0103 metale rare necesare tranzi\u021biei la energia verde.<\/p>\n

Nu se \u0219tie c\u00e2t timp cererea va dep\u0103\u0219i oferta, mai ales c\u0103 pandemia continu\u0103 \u00een unele dintre cele mai mari economii ale lumii. Sunt, \u00eens\u0103, lipsuri de la microcipuri \u0219i pui, la clor \u0219i br\u00e2nz\u0103, iar pre\u021burile sunt \u00een cre\u0219tere.<\/p>\n

Marea \u00eentrebare este dac\u0103 penuria de produse \u0219i cre\u0219terea pre\u021burilor sunt doar efecte temporare ale pandemiei sau dac\u0103 economia global\u0103 se schimb\u0103 \u00een moduri care ar putea cre\u0219te permanent costul afacerilor \u0219i ar duce la o nou\u0103 er\u0103 a infla\u021biei. R\u0103spunsul are implica\u021bii uria\u0219e pentru muncitori,\u00a0investitori,\u00a0companii \u0219i guverne.<\/p>\n

Infla\u021bia \u00een \u021b\u0103rile care apar\u021bin Organiza\u021biei pentru Cooperare \u0219i Dezvoltare Economic\u0103 a crescut \u00een aprilie la cel\u00a0mai \u00eenalt nivel din 2008. Cre\u0219terea pre\u021burilor la energie a crescut infla\u021bia medie anual\u0103 \u00een \u021b\u0103rile OECD la 3,3%.<\/p>\n

\"cnn
Sursa: CNN<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Cum s-a ajuns aici<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pre\u021bul petrolului a ajuns la cel mai mare nivel din ultimii 7 ani \u0219i aproape c\u0103 am uitat c\u0103 anul trecut a atins minime istorice. Pre\u021bul Brent, reperul global, a sc\u0103zut sub 20 de dolari pe baril \u00een aprilie anul trecut, dup\u0103 ce restric\u021biile din pandemie au dus la sc\u0103derea cererii companiilor aeriene, a \u0219oferilor \u0219i a produc\u0103torilor.<\/p>\n

De atunci, Brent a ajuns la peste 70 de dolari pe baril dup\u0103 o cre\u0219tere major\u0103 a cererii. Un fenomen similar se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u0219i cu o serie de m\u0103rfuri, industrii \u0219i produse.<\/p>\n

\u201eNu am avut niciodat\u0103 ceva at\u00e2t de violent \u0219i de rapid, at\u00e2t \u00een \u200b\u200bceea ce prive\u0219te c\u0103derea, c\u00e2t \u0219i revenirea\u201d, spune George Calhoun, directorul \u00een cadrul institutului de tehnologii din New Jersey. \u201eEste clar c\u0103 revenirea economic\u0103 a creat o mul\u021bime de perturb\u0103ri, nu doar \u00een lan\u021burile de aprovizionare, ci \u0219i \u00een modelele de afaceri\u201d.<\/p>\n

Industria auto este doar un exemplu al modului \u00een care evenimentele din anul trecut au schimbat lan\u021burile de aprovizionare, au schimbat comportamentul consumatorilor \u0219i acum alimenteaz\u0103 cre\u0219terea pre\u021burilor.<\/p>\n

Pandemia a \u00eenchis temporar fabricile de automobile anul trecut, \u00een timp ce recesiunea care a urmat a \u00eengropat v\u00e2nz\u0103rile. C\u00e2nd produc\u0103torii de autovehicule au r\u0103spuns prin reducerea produc\u021biei \u0219i, prin urmare, comenzile pentru microcipuri au sc\u0103zut, produc\u0103torii de semiconductori au redistribuit surplusul companiilor care produc smartphone-uri, laptopuri \u0219i console de jocuri, produse la mare c\u0103utare \u00een timpul pandemiei.<\/p>\n

Apoi, c\u00e2nd v\u00e2nz\u0103rile de ma\u0219ini au revenit mai repede dec\u00e2t se a\u0219tepta, produc\u0103torii s-au trezit \u00eentr-o criz\u0103 acut\u0103 de cipuri. Deficitul pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 a for\u021bat ca\u00a0Ford,\u00a0Volkswagen,\u00a0Fiat Chrysler\u00a0\u0219i\u00a0Nissan s\u0103 reduc\u0103 produc\u021bia.<\/p>\n

Acest lucru a crescut pre\u021bul ma\u0219inilor noi \u0219i a crescut cererea de vehicule uzate, care sunt acum\u00a0una dintre principalele surse de infla\u021bie din Statele Unite.<\/p>\n

Pre\u021bul ma\u0219inilor \u0219i camioanelor uzate din Statele Unite a crescut cu 10% \u00een mai fa\u021b\u0103 de luna precedent\u0103, cea mai mare cre\u0219tere din 1953, potrivit Biroului de Statistic\u0103. Pre\u021burile au crescut cu 21% fa\u021b\u0103 de anul trecut, f\u0103c\u00e2nd din ma\u0219inile second hand principalul motor al cre\u0219terii din aprilie a pre\u021burilor de consum din SUA.<\/p>\n

Pre\u021burile m\u0103rfurilor cresc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce economia \u00ee\u0219i revine dup\u0103 pandemie, costul materiilor prime necesare pentru a produce bunuri de consum este \u00een cre\u0219tere. Investi\u021biile \u00een plin\u0103 expansiune \u00een tehnologii ecologice se adaug\u0103, de asemenea, la cererea puternic\u0103 de metale precum aluminiul \u0219i cuprul, care sunt utilizate la vehiculele electrice.<\/p>\n

Tesla a crescut recent pre\u021burile cu 2.000 de dolari pentru modelul Tesla 3. CEO-ul Tesla Elon Musk a dat vina pe\u00a0cre\u0219terea costurilor materiilor prime.<\/p>\n

Minereul de fier, cuprul \u0219i o\u021belul, utilizate pentru fabricarea de ma\u0219ini, case \u0219i aparate electrice, s-au scumpit \u0219i au atins niveluri record \u00een ultimele s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni. Indicele Bloomberg Commodity Spot, care urm\u0103re\u0219te schimb\u0103rile de pre\u021b pe o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de metale \u0219i produse agricole, a crescut cu aproximativ 60% \u00een ultimul an.<\/p>\n

Cre\u0219terea costurilor a \u00eempins\u00a0infla\u021bia pre\u021burilor de produc\u021bie \u00een China\u00a0la cel mai \u00eenalt nivel din ultimii 13 ani.\u00a0Indicele pre\u021burilor de produc\u021bie al \u021b\u0103rii, care m\u0103soar\u0103 costul bunurilor v\u00e2ndute \u00eentreprinderilor, a crescut cu 9% \u00een luna mai fa\u021b\u0103 de anul 2020, potrivit datelor guvernamentale publicate miercuri.<\/p>\n

\u00cen Statele Unite, deficitul de cherestea legat de oprirea gaterelor mai devreme \u00een timpul pandemiei a crescut pre\u021burile, ad\u0103ug\u00e2nd aproape 36.000 de dolari la pre\u021bul unei case noi.<\/p>\n

De asemenea, cre\u0219terea costurilor materiei prime determin\u0103\u00a0Procter & Gamble\u00a0\u0219i\u00a0Kimberly-Clark\u00a0s\u0103\u00a0creasc\u0103 pre\u021burile produselor\u00a0de uz casnic, cum ar fi tampoane, scutece \u0219i h\u00e2rtie igienic\u0103.<\/p>\n

O serie de crize a dus la cre\u0219terea pre\u021burilor. Blocajul Canalului Suez \u00een luna martie a \u00eent\u00e2rziat expedierea de\u00a0bunuri, seceta din America de Sud a afectat produc\u021bia de porumb \u0219i zah\u0103r, valul de frig din Texas \u0219i atacul cibernetic au dus la cre\u0219tere pre\u021burilor combustibilului, \u00een timp ce focarul de Covid-19 din India a perturbat lan\u021burile de aprovizionare.<\/p>\n

Cea mai recent\u0103 problem\u0103: JBS Meat, un important produc\u0103tor de carne de vit\u0103 \u0219i porc, a suferit un atac cibernetic care a for\u021bat compania s\u0103 \u00eenchid\u0103 fabricile din America de Nord \u0219i Australia s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na trecut\u0103.<\/p>\n

Pre\u021burile la alimente cresc deja din cauza cre\u0219terii cererii de produse agricole, cum ar fi porumbul \u0219i soia, \u00een special \u00een China, unde cererea de hran\u0103 pentru animale cre\u0219te \u00een timp ce efectivele de porci se recupereaz\u0103 dup\u0103 un focar de pest\u0103 porcin\u0103 african\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te oferta, vremea uscat\u0103 din Brazilia, Thailanda \u0219i Europa a influen\u021bat produc\u021bia, \u00een timp ce Rusia, principalul exportator mondial de gr\u00e2u, a implementat o tax\u0103 de export pentru a spori aprovizionarea intern\u0103.<\/p>\n

Pre\u021burile globale la alimente au crescut pentru a dou\u0103sprezecea lun\u0103 consecutiv\u0103 \u00een luna mai, potrivit Organiza\u021biei ONU pentru Alimenta\u021bie \u0219i Agricultur\u0103.\u00a0Indicele FAO al pre\u021burilor la alimente, care urm\u0103re\u0219te o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de produse, a fost cu 40% mai mare luna trecut\u0103 dec\u00e2t nivelul s\u0103u de acum un an.<\/p>\n

\u00cen timp ce costul ingredientelor reprezint\u0103 o mic\u0103 parte din pre\u021bul pe care consumatorii \u00eel pl\u0103tesc pentru bunurile din supermarketuri \u0219i restaurante, companiile alimentare precum Nestl\u00e9\u00a0\u0219i\u00a0Unilever au anun\u021bat deja cre\u0219teri de pre\u021b pe anumite linii de produse.<\/p>\n

Costurile logistice \u0219i ale for\u021bei de munc\u0103 cresc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, m\u0103rfurile nu sunt singurul factor care determin\u0103 cre\u0219terea pre\u021burilor. Costurile logistice \u0219i ale for\u021bei de munc\u0103 au crescut \u0219i un\u00a0deficit de lucr\u0103tori\u00a0\u00een unele industrii ar putea intensifica presiunea asupra companiilor pentru a cre\u0219te salariile \u0219i mai mult.<\/p>\n

Lipsa for\u021bei de munc\u0103, care a devenit, de asemenea, o problem\u0103 \u00een Europa, este par\u021bial legat\u0103 de viteza cu care economiile s-au redeschis \u0219i este posibil s\u0103 se normalizeze odat\u0103 cu trecerea pandemiei.<\/p>\n

Constr\u00e2ngerile din lan\u021bul de aprovizionare au for\u021bat companiile s\u0103 produc\u0103 produse pe baza m\u0103rfurilor pe care le au la dispozi\u021bie, mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t pe comenzile clien\u021bilor.<\/p>\n

\u00cen Germania, inima industrial\u0103 a Europei, \u00eentreruperile lan\u021bului de aprovizionare exacerbate de blocajul Canalului Suez ofer\u0103 o posibil\u0103 explica\u021bie pentru o sc\u0103dere nea\u0219teptat\u0103 a comenzilor industriale \u00een aprilie.<\/p>\n

O list\u0103 tot mai\u00a0mare de companii din\u00a0\u00eentreaga lume au semnalat costuri mai mari ale\u00a0lan\u021bului de\u00a0aprovizionare determinate par\u021bial de cre\u0219terea taxelor de expediere. Dac\u0103 cererea r\u0103m\u00e2ne ridicat\u0103, mai multe firme pot opta pentru a transfera aceste costuri clien\u021bilor.<\/p>\n

Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere cre\u0219terea pre\u021burilor pe rafturile magazinelor \u0219i \u00een datele oficiale, \u00eentreprinderile \u0219i consumatorii se a\u0219teapt\u0103 la o infla\u021bie \u00een cre\u0219tere. Asta reprezint\u0103 \u00een sine o provocare.\u00a0Dac\u0103 \u00eentreprinderile \u0219i consumatorii consider\u0103 c\u0103 pre\u021burile mai mari sunt o tendin\u021b\u0103 pe termen lung, ei \u00ee\u0219i pot schimba comportamentele \u00eentr-un mod care determin\u0103 persisten\u021ba presiunilor pe pre\u021buri.<\/p>\n

De exemplu, muncitorii ar putea cere salarii mai mari, for\u021b\u00e2nd companiile s\u0103 creasc\u0103 pre\u021bul bunurilor.<\/p>\n

Cel pu\u021bin pentru moment, bancherii sunt de p\u0103rere c\u0103 majorarea pre\u021burilor se va dovedi tranzitorie \u0219i este pu\u021bin probabil s\u0103 duc\u0103 la o infla\u021bie persistent\u0103 pe termen lung, chiar \u0219i \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care unii economi\u0219ti, inclusiv fostul secretar al Trezoreriei SUA, Larry Summers,\u00a0\u0219i fostul guvernator al B\u0103ncii Angliei,\u00a0Mervyn King,\u00a0trag un semnal\u00a0de alarm\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u201eNeglijarea infla\u021biei las\u0103 economiile globale s\u0103 stea pe o bomb\u0103 cu ceas\u201d, au avertizat \u0219i economi\u0219tii Deutsche Bank \u00eentr-o not\u0103 de cercetare s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na aceasta.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, oficialii Rezervei Federale din SUA spun c\u0103 \u201ede\u0219i este necesar\u0103 o vigilen\u021b\u0103 permanent\u0103, datele privind infla\u021bia \u0219i ocuparea for\u021bei de munc\u0103 par s\u0103 reflecte p\u00e2n\u0103 acum o problem\u0103 de aliniere temporar\u0103 a cererii \u0219i ofertei care ar trebui s\u0103 dispar\u0103 pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce cre\u0219terea cererii se normalizeaz\u0103, redeschiderea este finalizat\u0103 \u0219i oferta se adapteaz\u0103 la noul normal post-pandemic\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Foto: digi24.ro.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O\u021bel, cherestea, plastic \u0219i combustibil. Porumb, soia, zah\u0103r \u0219i ulei de floarea soarelui. Case, ma\u0219ini, scutece \u0219i h\u00e2rtie igienic\u0103. La orice produs te ui\u021bi, pre\u021burile sunt \u00een cre\u0219tere. Recuperarea post pandemie este \u00een plin\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219urare, iar economia mondial\u0103 se lupt\u0103 s\u0103 \u021bin\u0103 pasul. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce economiile s-au redeschis, cererea a revenit, dar problemele generate […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":131880,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6369],"tags":[26403],"class_list":["post-131879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie-ro","tag-de-ce-au-crescut-preturile-la-toate-produsele"],"yoast_head":"\nDe ce au crescut pre\u021burile la toate produsele - BTV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btv.md\/ro\/de-ce-au-crescut-preturile-la-toate-produsele\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"De ce au crescut pre\u021burile la toate produsele - BTV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"O\u021bel, cherestea, plastic \u0219i combustibil. 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