{"id":133350,"date":"2021-06-23T10:05:09","date_gmt":"2021-06-23T07:05:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.btv.md\/?p=133350"},"modified":"2021-06-23T10:05:09","modified_gmt":"2021-06-23T07:05:09","slug":"31-de-ani-de-la-adoptarea-declaratiei-cu-privire-la-suveranitatea-republicii-moldova","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.btv.md\/ro\/31-de-ani-de-la-adoptarea-declaratiei-cu-privire-la-suveranitatea-republicii-moldova\/","title":{"rendered":"31 de ani de la adoptarea Declara\u021biei cu privire la Suveranitatea Republicii Moldova"},"content":{"rendered":"

Luna iunie a anului 1990 a fost una productiv\u0103 pentru parlament, iar caracterul deciziilor adoptate accentua disensiunile tot mai profunde dintre centru \u0219i republicile unionale. O \u00eentrunire de la Moscova, prezidat\u0103 de Mihail Gorbaciov a demonstrat c\u0103 Kremlinul era gata s\u0103 cedeze o bun\u0103 parte din \u00eemputernicirile sale republicilor pentru a preveni dezmembrarea haotic\u0103 a URSS, scrie deschide.md<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Legislativul de la Chi\u0219in\u0103u a for\u021bat \u00een luna iunie c\u00e2teva decizii care scoteau \u00een eviden\u021ba cursul politic spre\u00a0 dob\u00e2ndirea treptat\u0103 a independen\u021bei politice. \u00cen doar c\u00e2teva zile au fost create radioteleviziunea na\u021bional\u0103,\u00a0 lichidat\u0103 Agen\u021bia Telegrafic\u0103\u00a0 Moldoveneasc\u0103 care promova interesul Moscovei \u0219i creat\u0103 Agen\u021bia Na\u021bional\u0103 Moldova-pres, a fost instituit organul de pres\u0103 al legislativului, ziarul \u201dSfatul \u021a\u0103rii\u201d \u0219i a fost\u00a0 adoptat avizul pentru aprecierea politico-juridic\u0103 a pactului Ribbentrop-Molotov \u00een ce prive\u0219te Basarabia \u0219i Bucovina de Nord, scrie Moldpres.<\/p>\n

\u00cens\u0103 cel mai magistral \u0219i\u00a0 important document\u00a0 din punct de vedere politic a fost Declara\u021bia de Suveranitate. Textul proiectului a fot preg\u0103tit foarte minu\u021bios \u0219i \u00een el s-a \u021binut cont de toate aspectele desprinderii de facto de centrul unional. Deputa\u021bii din raioanele de est ale Republicii Moldova \u0219i reprezentan\u021bii interfrontului de la\u00a0 Chi\u0219in\u0103u au depus eforturi disperate pentru a bloca acest document. Demersul contra suveranit\u0103\u021bii era articulat de experimentatul jurist \u0219i profesor universitar Iakovlev. \u00cens\u0103 juri\u0219tii tineri au avut argumente imbatabile printre care lipsa unui act politico-juridic de creare a RSSM \u0219i de intrare a republicii \u00een componen\u021ba URSS, necesitatea unui statut de subiect suveran pentru a avea negocieri cu centrul.<\/p>\n

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Declara\u021bia de Suveranitate determina natura, caracterul \u0219i tipul statului nostru. Aceste elemente nu puteau\u00a0 exista f\u0103r\u0103 condi\u021bia indispensabil\u0103 a suveranit\u0103\u021bii. Suveranitatea\u00a0 se bazeaz\u0103 pe\u00a0 izvorul puterii unui stat – poporul, iar parlamentul reprezint\u0103 direct \u0219i exclusiv voin\u021ba popular\u0103, se men\u021biona \u00een Declara\u021bie. Organul legislativ, \u00een consecin\u021b\u0103,\u00a0 este independent fa\u021b\u0103 de legile \u0219i hot\u0103r\u00e2rile altor state. Astfel, a fost introdus\u0103 norma\u00a0 juridic\u0103 prin care nicio\u00a0 lege sau hot\u0103r\u00e2re a Moscovei nu poate intra \u00een vigoare pe teritoriul Moldovei\u00a0 f\u0103r\u0103 ratificarea ei de forul legislativ de la Chi\u0219in\u0103u.<\/p>\n

Declara\u021bia de Suveranitate prevedea c\u0103 Republica Moldova este un stat unitar \u0219i indivizibil\u00a0 \u0219i nimeni nu are dreptul s\u0103-\u0219i asume teritorii sau bog\u0103\u021bii\u00a0 ale \u021b\u0103rii. Aceast\u0103 prevedere\u00a0 viza \u00een mod direct autorit\u0103\u021bile separatiste din\u00a0 st\u00e2nga Nistrului\u00a0 \u0219i elimina\u00a0 a\u0219a-zisa proprietate unional\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cen plan extern, Republica Moldova \u0219i-a declarat dreptul de a stabili independent rela\u021bii interna\u021bionale \u0219i a deveni\u00a0 subiect al dreptului interna\u021bional.\u00a0 Era o prevedere care submina fundamental prerogativele p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci exclusive ale\u00a0 Moscovei de a promova o politic\u0103 extern\u0103 unic\u0103.<\/p>\n

Declara\u021bia\u00a0 de Suveranitate introducea \u00een mod expres\u00a0 no\u021biunea de separa\u021bie a puterilor \u00een stat, reglementa rela\u021bia stat-cet\u0103\u021bean\u00a0 \u0219i aborda\u00a0 natura statului din perspectiva\u00a0 valorilor liberal-democratice europene.\u00a0 Era un pas extrem de curajos \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care centrul \u0219i majoritatea republicilor\u00a0 unionale nu abordau aceast\u0103 tem\u0103 care genera procesele de desovietizare \u0219i decomunizare a \u021b\u0103rilor.<\/p>\n

O prevedere extrem de important\u0103 a Declara\u021biei de Suveranitate era proclamarea cet\u0103\u021beniei moldovene\u0219ti. La acest capitol dezbaterile \u00een parlament au fost deosebit de aprige. Adep\u021bii p\u0103str\u0103rii\u00a0 URSS\u00a0 propuneau un compromis\u00a0 care mergea \u00eempotriva esen\u021bei\u00a0 no\u021biunii de suveranitate.\u00a0 Ei insistau vehement asupra existen\u021bei dublei cet\u0103\u021benii:\u00a0 sovietice \u0219i\u00a0 moldovene\u0219ti, \u00eens\u0103 pozi\u021bia\u00a0 ferm\u0103 \u0219i abordarea profesionist\u0103 a autorilor textului Declara\u021biei de Suveranitate a convins legislativul s\u0103 adopte o singur\u0103 cet\u0103\u021benie – cea a Republicii Moldova.\u00a0 Cu o majoritate impun\u0103toare\u00a0 de voturi,\u00a0 Declara\u021bia de Suveranitate a fost adoptat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Importan\u021ba Declara\u021biei de\u00a0 Suveranitate e foarte greu de subestimat.\u00a0 A fost un pas gigantic \u00een realizarea obiectivelor\u00a0 din programele majorit\u0103\u021bii deputa\u021bilor, votate de cet\u0103\u021beni \u00een circumscrip\u021biile electorale uninominale \u0219i care \u00een mod\u00a0 direct exprimau voin\u021ba\u00a0 popular\u0103.<\/p>\n

Mircea Snegur, la acea etap\u0103 pre\u0219edinte al legislativului,\u00a0 men\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een memoriile sale \u201ec\u0103 toate normele \u0219i principiile proclamate \u00een Declara\u021bia de Suveranitate au avut menirea s\u0103 determine programul\u00a0 de activitate a statului moldovenesc\u00a0 \u00een perspectiv\u0103, restructurarea mecanismului politic, economic \u0219i juridic de func\u021bionare a lui,\u00a0 s\u0103 serveasc\u0103 drept c\u0103l\u0103uz\u0103 pentru parlament, organele puterii \u0219i administra\u021biei de stat, pentru to\u021bi cet\u0103\u021benii Republicii Moldova…<\/p>\n

\u201dDeclara\u021bia de Suveranitate a fost prima victorie substan\u021bial\u0103 \u00een direc\u021bia eliber\u0103rii Republicii Moldova de sub presiunea Moscovei\u201d – conchide Mircea Snegur.<\/p>\n

Au urmat \u00eens\u0103\u00a0 luni grele pentru \u021bara noastr\u0103. Separati\u0219tii din estul Moldovei, sprijini\u021bi direct de Moscova,\u00a0 au format\u00a0 unit\u0103\u021bii paramilitare care au primit armament \u0219i muni\u021bii\u00a0 din arsenalele Armatei a 14-a ruse\u0219ti,\u00a0 au\u00a0 preluat prin for\u021b\u0103 controlul asupra autorit\u0103\u021bilor locale \u0219i au creat condi\u021bii insuportabile pentru activitatea\u00a0 organelor de drept constitu\u021bionale.<\/p>\n

Totu\u0219i, Declara\u021bia de Suveranitate a creat o baz\u0103 solid\u0103\u00a0 pentru alt tip de\u00a0 rela\u021bii\u00a0 cu Moscova, iar Gorbaciov ceda pozi\u021bie dup\u0103 pozi\u021bie \u00een raport cu republicile.\u00a0 Puciul e\u0219uat din august 1991 a accelerat procesele de descompunere a URSS \u0219i a creat premise reale pentru ob\u021binerea independen\u021bei. Declara\u021bia de Independen\u021b\u0103\u00a0 de la 27 august 1991 se bazeaz\u0103 pe\u00a0 fundamentul\u00a0 solid al Declara\u021biei de\u00a0 Suveranitate \u0219i a reprezentat \u00eencununarea eforturilor\u00a0 \u0219i n\u0103zuin\u021belor unei genera\u021bii\u00a0 care cu certitudine va intra in istorie ca \u201dgenera\u021bia independen\u021bei\u201d.<\/p>\n

Foto: deschide.md.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Luna iunie a anului 1990 a fost una productiv\u0103 pentru parlament, iar caracterul deciziilor adoptate accentua disensiunile tot mai profunde dintre centru \u0219i republicile unionale. O \u00eentrunire de la Moscova, prezidat\u0103 de Mihail Gorbaciov a demonstrat c\u0103 Kremlinul era gata s\u0103 cedeze o bun\u0103 parte din \u00eemputernicirile sale republicilor pentru a preveni dezmembrarea haotic\u0103 a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":133351,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6368],"tags":[26816],"class_list":["post-133350","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politica-ro","tag-31-de-ani-de-la-adoptarea-declaratiei-cu-privire-la-suveranitatea-republicii-moldova"],"yoast_head":"\n31 de ani de la adoptarea Declara\u021biei cu privire la Suveranitatea Republicii Moldova - BTV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.btv.md\/ro\/amp\/31-de-ani-de-la-adoptarea-declaratiei-cu-privire-la-suveranitatea-republicii-moldova\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"31 de ani de la adoptarea Declara\u021biei cu privire la Suveranitatea Republicii Moldova - BTV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Luna iunie a anului 1990 a fost una productiv\u0103 pentru parlament, iar caracterul deciziilor adoptate accentua disensiunile tot mai profunde dintre centru \u0219i republicile unionale. 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